Biosurfactants are a structurally diverse group of surface active
molecules synthesized by microorganisms. Virtually, all the surfactants
are chemically synthesized [1]. Nevertheless, in recent years,
much attention has been directed toward biosurfactants owing to
their advantages such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, better
environmental compatibility, high foaming capability, higher
selectivity, specific activity at extreme temperature, pH, salinity,
and the ability to synthesize them from renewable food stocks
[2–5]. Surfactants are amphiphilic agents which, by accumulating
at interface between immiscible phases, can reduce surface and
interfacial tension. The significant reduction of interfacial tension
caused by the biosurfactant increases the solubility and emulsification
of the immiscible phases and bioavailability of the insoluble
substrate for microorganism [3–6]. Biosurfactants with such surface
properties make good candidates for enhanced oil recovery
(EOR). The most effective biosurfactants reduce the surface tension
(ST) of water from 72 dynes/cm to value range of 25–30 dynes/cm
[6–9]. Some biosurfactants are known to have therapeutic applications
[10,11]. Biosurfactants can also be used in bioremediation of
Biosurfactants are a structurally diverse group of surface activemolecules synthesized by microorganisms. Virtually, all the surfactantsare chemically synthesized [1]. Nevertheless, in recent years,much attention has been directed toward biosurfactants owing totheir advantages such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, betterenvironmental compatibility, high foaming capability, higherselectivity, specific activity at extreme temperature, pH, salinity,and the ability to synthesize them from renewable food stocks[2–5]. Surfactants are amphiphilic agents which, by accumulatingat interface between immiscible phases, can reduce surface andinterfacial tension. The significant reduction of interfacial tensioncaused by the biosurfactant increases the solubility and emulsificationof the immiscible phases and bioavailability of the insolublesubstrate for microorganism [3–6]. Biosurfactants with such surfaceproperties make good candidates for enhanced oil recovery(EOR). The most effective biosurfactants reduce the surface tension(ST) of water from 72 dynes/cm to value range of 25–30 dynes/cm[6–9]. Some biosurfactants are known to have therapeutic applications[10,11]. Biosurfactants can also be used in bioremediation of
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