6.1.4. Situated learning
Mobile computing devices also allowed for interaction with the
course content and other classmates in a highly situated and contextualized
way. Situated learning proposes that learning takes place in
the same context in which it is applied, typically in a real world setting
(Lave & Wenger, 1990). Learning is a social process situated in
a specific context and embedded within a particular environment.
Therefore, social interactions and learning in situ are critical components
of situated learning. Admittedly, informal learning and situated
cognition are not mutually exclusive. Choi and Hannafin (1995) and
Marsick and Watkins (2001) emphasize the relationships between
situated learning and informal learning, where individuals are often
unaware of their learning and that it occurs during the activities of
their daily lives. While informal learning is mostly unstructured
(Marsick & Watkins, 2001), situated learning is incumbent on the
individual's interpretation and the authenticity of the context. Choi
and Hannafin (1995) argue, “Situated learning methods attempt to
induce everyday cognition by anchoring knowledge and skill in realistic
contexts” (p. 57). So, learning activities — whether formal or informal
— that embed authentic problems and contexts can be
considered situated. Two of the institutions and participants described
situated learning.