Results All samples irrigated with ANP were associ- ated with irrigant penetration to WL (Table 1). The differences between group 4 (ANP) and all other groups were significant in penetration to WL (P < 0.05). The pecking motion allowed for further penetration of the irrigant when using the SAF system but failed to irrigate at WL. None of the experimental groups demonstrated predictable irrigation of simulated lateral canals. Conclusions In this laboratory model, ANP was the only delivery system capable of irrigating consistently to full WL. None of the systems tested produced complete irrigation in artificial lateral canals.