Proactivity: The active monitoring of problems in a way that provides their timely prevention, rather than after-the-fact reaction.
Concurrent Controls: Processes that entail monitoring and adjusting ongoing activities.
Feedback Controls: Processes that involve the gathering of information about a completed activity, evaluating that information, and taking steps to improve the similar activities in the future.
Outcome controls: Processes that are generally preferable when just one or two performance measures (say, return on investment or return on assets) are good gauges of a business’s health.
Behavioral controls: The direct evaluation of managerial and employee decision making, not of the results of managerial decisions.
Financial control: The management of a firm’s costs and expenses to control them in relation to budgeted amounts.
Nonfinancial controls: Processes that track aspects of the organization that aren’t immediately financial in nature but are expected to lead to positive financial performance outcomes.