Indigenous communities living in Seima Protection Forest (SPF) in Cambodia are vulnerable to changes in the local environment, such as drought, flooding, and other extreme weather events. Unsustainable land-use patterns, high levels of poverty, lack of basic infrastructure, and low levels of education limit their capacity to respond effectively and adapt to these changes. Despite Seima’s protected forest status and the communal indigenous land titling process that is underway, illegal logging and pressures from agro-industrial companies for economic land concessions have persisted. These pressures and land use restrictions have generated insecurity among local people that threatens long-term investment in sustainable forest management. To ensure the success of the REDD+ pilot project in Seima, the following issues need to be addressed