Methods
Study sample
Data for this analysis were drawn from a larger longitudinal administrative data study that tracked a range of service system involvement and outcomes for children with histories of poverty or poverty and maltreatment during childhood.
The larger study consisted of three groups of participants (one child randomly selected per family) born 1980e1994:
those with a report of CAN,
children with families who receive Aid to Families with Depen- dent Children (AFDC),
and children with both CAN and AFDC (n 1⁄4 12,409).