Bulk density of mineral soils was determined on a separate set of samples collected at the center of each plot at each sampling depth with a volumetric ring measuring 5 cm in diameter and height (98 cm3 volume). The lower sampling intensity was deemed appropriate due to the lack of variability across bulk density samples. Whole soil samples were oven dried and weighed at the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture – University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ-USP) in Piracicaba, Brazil