The four phases of LCA [11] are displayed in Fig. 2.
Goal and scope definition serves to define the purpose
and extent of the study,and it contains a description of
the system studied. An important issue is the basis for
comparison of different systems- the functional unit of a
product or service delivered. The second phase,inv entory
analysis,con sists of data collection and analysis [12].
Data on the environmental interventions (emissions,
land use,resou rce use, noise etc.) connected to each
process in the life cycle is collected,often guided by a
process flow diagram. This data processing is not always
straightforward. For processes that produce more than
one output,e.g. a corn wet mill,decision s are required
about how to allocate the environmental burdens to
each output. The third phase,impac t assessment,serves
to evaluate the significance of the environmental interventions
contained in a life cycle inventory. In practice,
an inventory will contain a long list of emissions and
resource uses. The purpose is to determine the relative
importance of each of these inventory items and to
aggregate interventions to a small set of indicators,or
even to a single indicator. This is done in order to identify
those processes which contribute most to the overall
The four phases of LCA [11] are displayed in Fig. 2.Goal and scope definition serves to define the purposeand extent of the study,and it contains a description ofthe system studied. An important issue is the basis forcomparison of different systems- the functional unit of aproduct or service delivered. The second phase,inv entoryanalysis,con sists of data collection and analysis [12].Data on the environmental interventions (emissions,land use,resou rce use, noise etc.) connected to eachprocess in the life cycle is collected,often guided by aprocess flow diagram. This data processing is not alwaysstraightforward. For processes that produce more thanone output,e.g. a corn wet mill,decision s are requiredabout how to allocate the environmental burdens toeach output. The third phase,impac t assessment,servesto evaluate the significance of the environmental interventionscontained in a life cycle inventory. In practice,an inventory will contain a long list of emissions andresource uses. The purpose is to determine the relativeimportance of each of these inventory items and toaggregate interventions to a small set of indicators,oreven to a single indicator. This is done in order to identifythose processes which contribute most to the overall
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