14. Calculated from CSCE (2001) data. Fitter and
Kaplinsky (2001, p. 77) show a similar trend using a
different data set.
15. Talbot (1997a, p. 63) defines the total income
generated along the coffee chain as ‘‘equal to the total
amount of money spent by consumers to purchase coffee
products for final consumption.’’
16. The remaining shares of total coffee income are (a)
transport costs and weight losses; and (b) value added in
producing countries.