Seeds of broccoli were obtained from the nursery. A total of 100 seeds were used on MS basal medium. The 20 jam jars were used to culture the seeds and five seeds were germinated on every jam jars. The seeds were washed in 70% ethanol for about 5 min, and then rinsed in 15% chlorox for 15 min. The seeds were brought into the laminar flow hood and further rinsed with sterile DH20 for a few seconds. Then, the sterilized seeds were germinated on MS basal media for 7days. This process was carried out under aseptic condition in the laminar flow. The seeds were exposed to light from cool white fluorescent tubes for a photoperiod of 16 h in the incubation room at 25–28 °C.