Finca Irlanda is separated into two sites because part of the farm is managed as a traditional polyculture, with some original trees as well as planted trees to create multiple canopy layers. The other part of the farm is managed as a commercial polyculture with fewer trees and canopy layers. For this study, the traditional polyculture site is considered as the high shade (HS) site with 60–80% shade cover; and the commercial
polyculture site is considered as a medium shade (MS) site with 30–50% shade cover. Rancho Alegre is another commercial polyculture medium shade site (MS1) with 45–65% shade cover. Finally, Finca Hamburgo is a shaded monoculture with most shade trees belonging to the genus Inga and a low density of shade trees. In this study, Finca Hamburgo is considered a low shade (LS) site with 10–30% shade cover.