The complexity of managing larger mixed-use landscapes with the objectives to conserve biodiversity, as well as the intention to address multiple drivers for loss of biodiversity, beside habitat loss/ degradation also poaching and illegal wildlife trade require the application of appropriate measures on a larger scale, and the integration across a number of concerned line agencies. It is widely acknowledged that conser-vation of forest biodiversity can only be achieved through integrated and comprehensive approaches, which also address livelihood aspects.