2.In the bazaar, which provides the central place functions of the city, retail activities are dominated by the sale of basic necessities such as foodstuffs and clothing, and functional specialisation is common. Overnight accommodation is also available in the bazaar through traditional public non-profit inns (dharmasalas) or Western hotels in medium-sized andlarge cities.
3.Beyond the inner core the rich live alongside, but not in the same structures as, their servants.
4.The houses of the poor occupy a third zone in which the demand for and price of land are low.
5.As the city grows, ethnic, religious and casteneighbourhoods are formed in specific areas, the location of which depends on the time of settlement and availability of developable land.
The 'untouchables' always occupy the periphery of the city, although other housing may develop beyond their neighbourhoods as the city expands. In Hindu-dominated areas of India the Muslims always form separate residential neighbourhoods.The colonial- and bazaar-based city models provide useful representations of the forces underlying
the different urban traditions in the subcontinent, but in practice many Indian cities reveal a combined impact in their contemporary urban form (Box 22.4).