Copernicus - the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center.
Tycho Brahe - that comets were also not atmospheric phenomena, as previously thought.
Kepler - Application of geometry and other mathematical principles to planetary movement
Galileo - improvements to the telescope , disputed the earth centered universe concept
Bacon – created the scientific method
Descartes – “I think therefore I am” (father of philosophy)
Laws of motion, gravitational laws, invented calculus