The Euclidean distance is used to calculate the distance between the two nodes, i k d express the distance between the nodes i k A and 1 i k A + , so 2 1 ( ) i i i k k k d A A
The Euclidean distance is used tocalculate the distance between the two nodes, ik d express thedistance between the nodes ik A and 1ik A + , so 21 ( ) i i ik k k d A A