South Korea is the first country after the United States to announce measures based on it own testing to address the diesel emissions scandal that has engulfed Europe's biggest auto manufacturer. South Korea its own testing showed that Volkswagen intentionally manipulated a diesel emissions device in vehicles with an older engine, and ordered the recall of 125,522 cars. Volkswagen admitted that it installed software in up to 11 million diesel vehicles worldwide that vastly understated their actual emissions of smog-causing nitrogen oxides.