2. Current uses of FMT in treatment of CDI
Although fecal enemas were introduced as early as 1958 by Eiseman
et al. in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis [5],
a
condition that is now typically associated with CDI, the practice
has
been relatively sparse until recently. Vancomycin, an antibiotic
that suppresses vegetative forms of C. difficile, was introduced
into
clinical practice in 1959 [6], and antibiotic-refractory cases of
CDI
were relatively uncommon for several decades. However, new,
more
virulent
strains
of C. difficile emerged in the early 1990s, associated
with broader antibiotic resistance, greater capacity for toxin