Leaders in both business and civil society have focused
too much on the friction between them and not enough
on the points of intersection. The mutual dependence of
corporations and society implies that both business decisions
and social policies must follow the principle of
shared value. That is, choices must benefit both sides. If either
a business or a society pursues policies that benefit
its interests at the expense of the other, it will find itself
on a dangerous path. A temporary gain to one will undermine
the long-term prosperity of both.1
To put these broad principles into practice, a company
must integrate a social perspective into the core frameworks
it already uses to understand competition and
guide its business strategy.
Identifying the points of intersection. The interdependence
between a company and society takes two
forms. First, a company impinges upon society through its
operations in the normal course of business: These are
inside-out linkages.
Virtually every activity in a company’s value chain
touches on the communities in which the firm operates,
creating either positive or negative social consequences.
(For an example of this process, see the exhibit “Looking
Inside Out: Mapping the Social Impact of the Value
Chain.”) While companies are increasingly aware of the
social impact of their activities (such as hiring practices,
emissions, and waste disposal), these impacts can be more
subtle and variable than many managers realize. For one
thing, they depend on location. The same manufacturing
operation will have very different social consequences in
China than in the United States.
A company’s impact on society also changes over time,
as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos,
now understood as a serious health risk, was
thought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the scientific
knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually
mounted for more than 50 years before any company was
held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that
failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving
body of research have been bankrupted by the results.
No longer can companies be content to monitor only
the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful
process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow,
firms may risk their very survival.
Not only does corporate activity affect society, but external
social conditions also influence corporations, for
better and for worse. These are outside-in linkages.
Every company operates within a competitive context,
which significantly affects its ability to carry out its strategy,
especially in the long run. Social conditions form a key
part of this context.Competitive context garners far less attention
than value chain impacts but can have far greater
strategic importance for both companies and societies.
Ensuring the health of the competitive context benefits
both the company and the community.
Competitive context can be divided into four broad areas:
first, the quantity and quality of available business inputs–
human resources, for example, or transportation infrastructure;
second, the rules and incentives that govern
competition–such as policies that protect intellectual property,
ensure transparency, safeguard against corruption,
and encourage investment; third, the size and sophistication
of local demand, influenced by such things as standards
for product quality and safety, consumer rights,
and fairness in government purchasing; fourth, the local
availability of supporting industries,such as service providers
and machinery producers. Any and all of these aspects
of context can be opportunities for CSR initiatives. (See
the exhibit “Looking Outside In: Social Influences on Competitiveness.”)
The ability to recruit appropriate human
resources, for example, may depend on a number of social
factors that companies can influence, such as the local
educational system, the availability of housing, the existence
of discrimination (which limits the pool of workers),
and the adequacy of the public health infrastructure.2
Choosing which social issues to address. No business
can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of
doing so. Instead, each company must select issues that
intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas
are best left to those companies in other industries,
NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned
to address them. The essential test that should
guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether
it presents an opportunity to create shared value – that
is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable
to the business.
ผู้นำในธุรกิจและประชาสังคมได้มุ่งเน้นมากเกินไปในแรงเสียดทานระหว่างพวกเขาและไม่เพียงพอคะแนนจุดตัด การพึ่งพาซึ่งกันและกันขององค์กรและสังคมก็หมายความว่าทั้งสองตัดสินใจทางธุรกิจนโยบายทางสังคมต้องทำตามหลักการของคุณค่าร่วมกัน คือ เลือกต้องได้ประโยชน์ทั้งสองด้าน ถ้าอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งธุรกิจหรือสังคม pursues นโยบายที่เป็นประโยชน์ความสนใจค่าใช้จ่ายอื่น ๆ มันจะค้นหาตัวเองบนเส้นทางอันตราย จะบั่นทอนกำไรชั่วคราวหนึ่งความเจริญรุ่งเรืองระยะยาวของ both.1การวางหลักการสิ่งเหล่านี้ฝึกปฏิบัติ บริษัทต้องบูรณาการในมุมมองทางสังคมเป็นกรอบหลักแล้วใช้ความเข้าใจการแข่งขัน และแนะนำกลยุทธ์ของธุรกิจระบุจุดของสี่แยก ความขึ้นต่อกันระหว่างบริษัทและสังคมใช้สองแบบฟอร์ม ครั้งแรก บริษัท impinges ตามสังคมของการดำเนินการของธุรกิจ: เหล่านี้เป็นเชื่อมโยงด้านในออกทุกกิจกรรมในห่วงโซ่มูลค่าของบริษัทสัมผัสชุมชนซึ่งการดำเนินงานของบริษัทสร้างผลกระทบทางสังคมที่บวก หรือลบ(สำหรับตัวอย่างของกระบวนการนี้ ดูการจัดแสดง "มองด้านในออก: แมปสังคมค่าโซ่") ในขณะที่บริษัทมีมากตระหนักถึงการผลกระทบทางสังคมของกิจกรรมของตน (เช่นจ้างปฏิบัติปล่อย และการกำจัดของเสีย), ผลกระทบเหล่านี้สามารถเพิ่มเติมsubtle and variable than many managers realize. For onething, they depend on location. The same manufacturingoperation will have very different social consequences inChina than in the United States.A company’s impact on society also changes over time,as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos,now understood as a serious health risk, wasthought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the scientificknowledge then available. Evidence of its risks graduallymounted for more than 50 years before any company washeld liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms thatfailed to anticipate the consequences of this evolvingbody of research have been bankrupted by the results.No longer can companies be content to monitor onlythe obvious social impacts of today. Without a carefulprocess for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow,firms may risk their very survival.Not only does corporate activity affect society, but externalsocial conditions also influence corporations, forbetter and for worse. These are outside-in linkages.Every company operates within a competitive context,which significantly affects its ability to carry out its strategy,especially in the long run. Social conditions form a keypart of this context.Competitive context garners far less attentionthan value chain impacts but can have far greaterstrategic importance for both companies and societies.Ensuring the health of the competitive context benefitsboth the company and the community.Competitive context can be divided into four broad areas:first, the quantity and quality of available business inputs–human resources, for example, or transportation infrastructure;second, the rules and incentives that governcompetition–such as policies that protect intellectual property,ensure transparency, safeguard against corruption,and encourage investment; third, the size and sophisticationof local demand, influenced by such things as standardsfor product quality and safety, consumer rights,and fairness in government purchasing; fourth, the localavailability of supporting industries,such as service providersand machinery producers. Any and all of these aspectsof context can be opportunities for CSR initiatives. (Seethe exhibit “Looking Outside In: Social Influences on Competitiveness.”)The ability to recruit appropriate humanresources, for example, may depend on a number of socialfactors that companies can influence, such as the localeducational system, the availability of housing, the existenceof discrimination (which limits the pool of workers),and the adequacy of the public health infrastructure.2Choosing which social issues to address. No businesscan solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost ofdoing so. Instead, each company must select issues thatintersect with its particular business. Other social agendasare best left to those companies in other industries,องค์กรพัฒนาเอกชน หรือสถานที่ราชการที่อยู่ในตำแหน่งที่ดีขึ้นที่อยู่พวกเขา การทดสอบที่สำคัญที่ควรเป็นคู่มือ CSR ไม่ ว่าสาเหตุมีคุณค่า แต่ว่าจะนำเสนอโอกาสในการสร้างคุณค่าร่วมกัน – ที่คือ เป็นประโยชน์มีความหมายสำหรับสังคมที่มีคุณค่าธุรกิจ
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