Greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4 and CFCs
are the primary causes of global warming. The atmospheric
concentration of CO2 has recently increased
owing to human activity, further accelerating the
greenhouse effect. In response, the Kyoto Protocol of
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change mandated a return of CO2 emission levels to
those of 1990. Although the remediation of CO2 can
be physically stored or chemically transformed, storage
overcomes the problem only temporarily. To solve
the CO2 problem permanently requires transforming
CO2 into another useful or non-toxic compounds.
Upgrading CO2 to reusable hydrocarbon resources
would benefit humans and the environment.