The subjects were again instructed to leave the floor (i.e. soccer field) with knees and ankles fully extended and to land in a similarly extended position. Basic jumping techniques were stressed during training: (a) correct posture (i.e., spine erect and shoulders back) and body alignment (e.g.,
chest over knees) throughout the jump; (b) jumping straight up with no excessive side-to-side or forwardbackward movement; (c) instant recoil for the concentric part of the jump. Phrases such as “on your toes,” “straight as a stick,” “light as a feather,” and “recoil like a spring” were used as verbal and visualization cues during the jumps. The instruction given to the subjects were “jump as high as you can, with minimum ground contact time”.