Haines et al., 2006). The major risks posed by climatic change to
human health may have both direct and indirect causes and the
major possible health risks could be: 1. Effects of heat waves and
other extreme events (cyclones, floods, storms, wildfires);
2. Changes in patterns of infectious disease; 3. Effects on food
yields; 4. Effects on freshwater supplies; 5. Impaired functioning of
ecosystems (for example, wetlands as water filters); 6. Displacement
of vulnerable populations (for example, low lying island and
coastal populations); 7. Loss of livelihoods (McMichael et al., 2008).
A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact of human activities
on the environment (in particular climate change) in terms of the
amount of greenhouse gases produced through burning of fossil
fuels for electricity, heating and transportation, etc. and has units of
tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent (Carbon footprint;