Despite a relatively high rate of diagnosed mental dis- orders, treatment involvement in the sample was limited. Thirty-seven percent of the sample had a lifetime history of prior psychiatric treatment, either in the hospital or on an outpatient basis. Among defendants with at least one axis I diagnosis, only 8% had outpatient treatment in the 3 months preceding the offense; African Americans with at least one axis I diagnosis were less likely to have received recent treatment (3% compared with 28% for non-African Americans; p=O.OOl).