3.1. Instrument Validity and Reliability
The content validity of the questionnaire was approved by five experts who were experienced in both nursing and information management. To confirm the validity of the questionnaire, we invited ten nurse managers to participate in a pretest to ensure that the items were easily understood. Cronbach's α values were higher than 0.85, which indicated high internal consistency.
3.2. Informatics Competencies
The standard score of informatics competencies for all respondents was 77.65 ± 8.14, which represents a medium level of informatics competency. The scores on informatics knowledge were significantly higher than computer and informatics skills scores (P < 0.05). However, the difference between computer and informatics skills scores was not significant (P > 0.05)