Approximately 55 percent of all intercity truck tonnage is hauled by shipper-owned or shipper-controlled trucks. Following deregulation, this ratio reached a high of 66 percent by 1987. The decline to 55 percent resulted from shippers realizing the numerous complexities and problems of operating a private fleet. The growth of Integrated Service Providers operated trucking offers a service that combines the flexibility of private with the consolidation potential of for-hire operators. An ISP may perform services for multiple shippers and thus gain both economics of scale and distance.