The release or loss of carbon both from vegetation and soil takes place when natural habitat (e.g. grassland, woodland, forest) is removed to make way for expanded crop plantation. This creates a so-called carbon debt that must be paid before biofuels produced can be credited with GHG emission offsets when substituting gasoline/diesel in transportation. Even cane ethanol produced quite efficiently in Brazil, with GHG offset credit of 13–14 t CO2/ha yr for 2005/2006 [2], would need approximately 12 years to repay the carbon debt of 165 t CO2/ha resulting from the conversion of woodland to cane land [18].