For example, take a premium-priced brand such as Procter Gamble’s Pantene. It faces pressure from many competing brands, but especially private-label and store and discount brands that may cost much less. In tough times, even small cost savings may matter to penny-pinching consumers. Assume a bottle of Pantene cost a $1 more than its main competitors but could be used for up to 100 shampoos. In that case, the price difference is really only one cent per sham-poo. By framing the purchase decision in terms of cost per shampoo, P&G could then advertise, “Isn’t worth a penny more to get a better-looking head of hair?