To the administrative managers, division of labor was a basic principle
of organization. Accordingly, the more a task could be broken down into its
components, the more specialized and, therefore, the more effective the
worker would be in performing the task. To complement the division of
labor, tasks were grouped into jobs, and these jobs were then integrated into
departments. Although the criteria for division could pose conflicting de-
mands, division of labor and the departmentalization it entailed were necessary
aspects of management. Moreover, breaking tasks into components
allows for routinized performance, that is, standardization of work.