To know the standards of test items, it has become important to analyze the test items and item analysis has become the backbone of test construction. Test construction may only be fruitful through the well thought, careful and sophisticated process of item analysis. Item analysis is the process to determine validity of individual items. In words of Anastasi & Urbina (2007), “the reliability as well as validity of any test depends on the characteristics of its item. They can be built into a test in advance through item analysis. Tests can be improved through the selection, substitution or revision of item”. Therefore, it is a set of procedures that provides us with the estimate of validity of each item.
Ebel & Frisbi (1991) have stated the importance of item analysis in the following way:
Item analysis indicates which items are difficult, easy, and moderately difficult or easy, so it provides an index of difficulty value of each item….