Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials comparing: (1) any type of formal speech and language therapy in any setting administered by trained speech and language therapists versus no treatment; (2) any type of formal speech and language therapy in any setting administered by trained speech and language therapists versus any type of informal support for aphasia, given by speech and language therapists or volunteers, whether these were trained or untrained; (3) one type of speech and language therapy versus another type. Outcome measures included measures of any type of communication, other measures of functioning, numbers of drop-outs, and other non-clinical outcomes.