The answers to these questions will enable researchers to understand the effects of the use of CL at the university level and suggest some implications about CL. Thus, the instruction at universities will be enhanced. Moreover, as the empirical study is applied in the Faculty of Education at a state university, the pre-service teachers will experience a real classroom environment and instruction based on CL. It is known that pre-service teachers find it difficult to put the knowledge or theories they learn into practice (Ross, 1994). Although there is a need for further research, one benefit of this study would be the insight of pre-service teachers about CL and the possibility to use it in their future classrooms.