RAW 264.7 cells (5 ×105 cells/well in 96-well plates) were activated with various concentrations of APP (2.5– 80 µg/ml) in the absence or presence of 1 lg/ml LPS, and were cultured at 37 C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. After 24 h of incubation, the cultured soups were collected to evaluate the amount of NO and TNF-a produced by the macrophages.