Measuring instruments and outcomes
Pain NRS was used to evaluate the pain intensity. This scale has 11 points, with 0 representing ‘no pain’ and 10 representing ‘as bad as one can imagine’. The TUG test measures the time it takes for an individual to get up from an armchair without using their arms after the examiner gives the verbal command ‘GO’, walk 3 m at normal speed, turn around, walk back and sit down again on the chair. The patients wore their usual shoes, and supports such as canes were not used to help them to walk. The test was performed once for familiarisation and a second time for measurement.30–32