and third-order change in which the goals of policy were altered. While useful, some of this terminology is confusing and should be altered, and the logic of the model also suggests that there should be four basic types of change, not three. These can be described as changes related to abstract policy goals or more concrete program specifications, referring to the ends of policy-making; and to basic policy instrument type or genus, as opposed to alternations of existing instrument components, when discussing changes in