In summary, from the case studies, the largest cost items were:
Supply Chain Management: An International Journal
Volume 15 · Number 4 · 2010 · 320–331
. transportation (5.7 per cent);
. inspection (5.4 per cent);
. obsolescence (2.6 per cent);
. expediting (2.2 per cent);
. duty (2.0 per cent);
. engineering time (1.9 per cent).
Together these accounted for almost 95 per cent of the total cost. From the survey, the largest cost items were:
. price (80.0 per cent);
transportation (3.5 per cent); expediting (3.3 per cent); duty (2.7 per cent).
. .
price (65.6 per cent); warehousing (8.9 per cent);
Together these accounted for almost 90 per cent of the total cost.
Overall, for both set up costs and ongoing costs, the breakdown varied largely between different companies.