The phytoremediation of phenol by vetiver grass is a great remedial action candidate for the Nong-Nea incident. First, phytoremediation is known for its cost effectiveness and ease of use. Thus, the Nong-Nea villagers can participate in the phytoremediation implementation. Second, phytoremediation is the technology of choice for widely spreading contamination, such as phenol-contaminated runoff from illegal dumping sources. Most importantly, a recent study found that vetiver grass could degrade phenol in the laboratory (Singh et al., 2008). Nevertheless, neither a laboratory-scale study using real wastewater nor a field-scale application of vetiver grass has been examined for phenol removal. The study pointed out that phenol removal was associated with H2O2 and peroxidase (POD) produced by the vetiver roots. However, no complete mechanistic understanding of phenol degradation by vetiver grass, especially in a complex system for real application, is available.