Equation (7) and (9) implement the power constraints: Pchmax(SOC) and Pdchmax(SOC) are the charge and discharge power limits, which are defined by the power rating of the M/G. The SOC constraints, given by PchSOC and PdchSOC, ensure that the FESS is discharged only for SOC > SOCmin and charged for SOC < SOCmax. These power limits are calculated by (11) and (12), where C is the FESS capacity. This definition gives the power limit when SOC is close to the charge and discharge limit, avoiding overcharge or overdischarge.