Given the inconsistency of studies which have examined the joint effects of traffic-related air pollution and noise on BP and the scarcity of such studies in children, we investigated the effects of long-term traffic-related air pollution (NO2, PM2.5mass, PM10massand PM2.5absorbance) on the BP of 10 year-old children and, in a subsample, accounted for the effects of long-term road-traffic noise exposure.