.Although it was reported that BVDV antigen can be present in preovulatory ovarian and follicular oocytes [31,32], to our knowledge there is no scientific evidence to prove transmission of BVDV or other pathogenic viral agent to ova via sperm during fertilization. However, it was reported that a single insemination of susceptible cows with infected semen might not always have a severe effect on conception rate or result in the production of persistently infected calves [24,25,33].