1. Introduction
Mangroves are complex assemblages of microscopic and
macroscopic fauna and flora species; heightened by facultative
evergreen plants that form forests. These plants establish along or
close to rivers, intertidal areas, bays, estuaries, lagoons and/or
creeks in areas between land and open oceans in tropical and
subtropical regions of the world. Mangrove forests occur in 123
countries worldwide covering a surface area of 145,000 km2 (FAO,
2007; Spalding et al., 2010). The occurrence of mangroves is