To this end, rather than discussing conceptual issues that are well known with regard
to organised crime and its transnational implications, the Ad hoc Drafting Group
focused on priorities with regard to efficiency in combating TOC through a criminal
response. The White Paper does not aim to set out priorities from an operational
point of view or to undertake a threat or risk assessment of TOC; it aims to identify
specific areas where action should be taken to improve the criminal response to
TOC. In defining these possible areas of action, reports prepared by the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),2 the European Police Office
(Europol)3 and the European Parliament of September 20134 as well as national
expertise were considered. The main outcomes are: