ur review of the literature revealed a striking paucity of evidence bearing on the major clinical questions examined. Our recommendations are based on the existing evidence and the panels' clinical experience, but they are limited by the paucity of definitive data. Well-conceived and executed intervention trials are needed to bring definitive data to light on these questions. Until such data are available, clinical judgment and patients' preferences remain paramount. Although the panel recommended against population screening for subclinical thyroid disease, clinicians are encouraged to make individual patient assessments when determining the need for testing and treatment.