Fig. 3. Cassava ethanol production process: Simulation flowsheet on Aspen plus platform. (a) Base case: cassava starch fermentation only without cellulose utilization; (b) Case 1: direct SSF of cassava cellulose residues; (c) Case 2: SSF of the pretreated cassava cellulose residues; (d) Case 3: Co-SSF of cassava starch and cassava cellulose.