To handle peer churn, we will now require each peer to track (that is, know the IP address of) its first and second successors; for instance peer 4 now tracks both peer 5 and peer 8. We also require each peer to periodically verify that its two successors are alive (for example, by periodically sending ping messages to them and asking for responses). Let's now examine how the DHT is maintained when a peer suddenly leaves. For instance, assume peer 5 in Figure 1(a) suddenly leaves