For a gap value G, we want to use close to the fewest bytes needed to hold log2 G bits
Begin with one byte to store G and dedicate 1 bit in it to be a continuation bit c
If G ≤127, binary-encode it in the 7 available bits and set c =1
Else encode G’s lower-order 7 bits and then use additional bytes to encode the higher order bits using the same algorithm
At the end set the continuation bit of the last byte to 1 (c =1) – and for the other bytes c = 0.