Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to replicate a recent study which showed higher genetic risk load at 15 loci in men than
in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This difference was very significant, and it was interpreted as
indicating that men require more genetic susceptibility than women to develop SLE.
Methods: Nineteen SLE-associated loci (thirteen of which are shared with the previous study) were analyzed in
1,457 SLE patients and 1,728 healthy controls of European ancestry. Genetic risk load was calculated as sex-specific
sum genetic risk scores (GRSs).
Results: Our results did not replicate those of the previous study at either the level of individual loci or the global
level of GRSs. GRSs were larger in women than in men (4.20 ± 1.07 in women vs. 3.27 ± 0.98 in men). This very
significant difference (P < 10−16) was more dependent on the six new loci not included in the previous study
(59% of the difference) than on the thirteen loci that are shared (the remaining 41%). However, the 13 shared loci
also showed a higher genetic risk load in women than in men in our study (P = 6.6 × 10−7
), suggesting that
heterogeneity of participants, in addition to different loci, contributed to the opposite results.
Conclusion: Our results show the lack of a clear trend toward higher genetic risk in one of the sexes for the
analyzed SLE loci. They also highlight several limitations of assessments of genetic risk load, including the possibility
of ascertainment bias with loci discovered in studies that have included mainly women.
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to replicate a recent study which showed higher genetic risk load at 15 loci in men than
in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This difference was very significant, and it was interpreted as
indicating that men require more genetic susceptibility than women to develop SLE.
Methods: Nineteen SLE-associated loci (thirteen of which are shared with the previous study) were analyzed in
1,457 SLE patients and 1,728 healthy controls of European ancestry. Genetic risk load was calculated as sex-specific
sum genetic risk scores (GRSs).
Results: Our results did not replicate those of the previous study at either the level of individual loci or the global
level of GRSs. GRSs were larger in women than in men (4.20 ± 1.07 in women vs. 3.27 ± 0.98 in men). This very
significant difference (P < 10−16) was more dependent on the six new loci not included in the previous study
(59% of the difference) than on the thirteen loci that are shared (the remaining 41%). However, the 13 shared loci
also showed a higher genetic risk load in women than in men in our study (P = 6.6 × 10−7
), suggesting that
heterogeneity of participants, in addition to different loci, contributed to the opposite results.
Conclusion: Our results show the lack of a clear trend toward higher genetic risk in one of the sexes for the
analyzed SLE loci. They also highlight several limitations of assessments of genetic risk load, including the possibility
of ascertainment bias with loci discovered in studies that have included mainly women.
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