The Cochrane collaboration meta-analysis (Marinho et al., 2002) obtained a pooled d(e/m)fs prevented fraction of 33% (95% CI, 19-48%) based on three clinical trials. In our study, it ranged from 52 to 92%, by treatment group. The systematic review (Rozier, 2001) for the NIH Consensus Conference compared seven studies of fluoride varnish showing mixed effectiveness on primary teeth. Some were not randomized clinical trials, and none included children as young as those in our study (see APPENDIX).