A comparative study on four nanocellulose products derived
from CCR was conducted in this work. The FA hydrolysis led
to higher crystalline fraction and longer rod-like CNCs, whereas
the sulfuric acid hydrolysis yielded lower crystalline fraction and
shorter rod-like CNCs. Moreover, the high crystallinity of FCNC
resulted in good thermal stability, which is a favorable property
during the thermal processing. But its low absolute value of zeta
potential and agglomeration would limit the processing in water
phase without any surface modification. The thinnest nanofiber
with high aspect ratio was obtained via TEMPO mediated oxidation,
while PFI refining resulted in the thickest and longest nanofiber
compared to other three processing methods. This study demonstrates
that the abundant CCR can be regarded as a promising
feedstock for the preparation of nanocellulose, although more studies
regarding the economic evaluation and proper end use for these
nanocellulose products are needed.