Main results
We included 38 studies involving 9445 participants. Among studies that measured diet adherence outcomes between an intervention
group and a control/usual care group, 32 out of 123 diet adherence outcomes favoured the intervention group, 4 favoured the control
group whereas 62 had no significant difference between groups (assessment was impossible for 25 diet adherence outcomes since data
and/or statistical analyses needed for comparison between groups were not provided). Interventions shown to improve at least one diet
adherence outcome are: telephone follow-up, video, contract, feedback, nutritional tools and more complex interventions including
multiple interventions. However, these interventions also shown no difference in some diet adherence outcomes compared to a control/
usual care group making inconclusive results about the most effective intervention to enhance dietary advice. The majority of studies
reporting a diet adherence outcome favouring the intervention group compared to the control/usual care group in the short-term
also reported no significant effect at later time points. Studies investigating interventions such as a group session, individual session,
reminders, restriction and behaviour change techniques reported no diet adherence outcome showing a statistically significant difference
favouring the intervention group. Finally, studies were generally of short duration and low quality, and adherence measures varied
widely.
Main resultsWe included 38 studies involving 9445 participants. Among studies that measured diet adherence outcomes between an interventiongroup and a control/usual care group, 32 out of 123 diet adherence outcomes favoured the intervention group, 4 favoured the controlgroup whereas 62 had no significant difference between groups (assessment was impossible for 25 diet adherence outcomes since dataand/or statistical analyses needed for comparison between groups were not provided). Interventions shown to improve at least one dietadherence outcome are: telephone follow-up, video, contract, feedback, nutritional tools and more complex interventions includingmultiple interventions. However, these interventions also shown no difference in some diet adherence outcomes compared to a control/usual care group making inconclusive results about the most effective intervention to enhance dietary advice. The majority of studiesreporting a diet adherence outcome favouring the intervention group compared to the control/usual care group in the short-termalso reported no significant effect at later time points. Studies investigating interventions such as a group session, individual session,reminders, restriction and behaviour change techniques reported no diet adherence outcome showing a statistically significant differencefavouring the intervention group. Finally, studies were generally of short duration and low quality, and adherence measures variedwidely.
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Main results
We included 38 studies involving 9445 participants. Among studies that measured diet adherence outcomes between an intervention
group and a control/usual care group, 32 out of 123 diet adherence outcomes favoured the intervention group, 4 favoured the control
group whereas 62 had no significant difference between groups (assessment was impossible for 25 diet adherence outcomes since data
and/or statistical analyses needed for comparison between groups were not provided). Interventions shown to improve at least one diet
adherence outcome are: telephone follow-up, video, contract, feedback, nutritional tools and more complex interventions including
multiple interventions. However, these interventions also shown no difference in some diet adherence outcomes compared to a control/
usual care group making inconclusive results about the most effective intervention to enhance dietary advice. The majority of studies
reporting a diet adherence outcome favouring the intervention group compared to the control/usual care group in the short-term
also reported no significant effect at later time points. Studies investigating interventions such as a group session, individual session,
reminders, restriction and behaviour change techniques reported no diet adherence outcome showing a statistically significant difference
favouring the intervention group. Finally, studies were generally of short duration and low quality, and adherence measures varied
widely.
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