First, it appears that specific certification regimes have different effects on farming systems development. Whereas Fairtrade clearly enhances further specialization in coffee
production and more engagement in dry coffee processing, Utz-certified enhances input-intensification of coffee
production and multi-certification opts for coffee renovation
and the diversification of coffee outlets. This may point toward
a life cycle of certification that starts with enabling farmers to
produce larger volumes for the Fairtrade market and gradually shifting emphasis to improving yields and quality that are demanded by Utz-certified outlets. Multi-certification
becomes an option to overcome problems of overcertification and to diversify their outlets.