Lameness is a clinical sign of pain related to the locomotor system resulting in abnormal movement or posture. Risk factors for lameness include those related to the environment, management, and individual cow. Lameness poses a severe welfare issue and contributes to growing public concerns regarding the well-being and longevity of cattle. In addition to having welfare implications, lameness causes substantial economic losses in both the dairy and beef industries. In the dairy industry, economic losses are associated with decreased productivity, decreased reproductive performance, decreased body condition, treatment costs, and labor costs, as well as a higher risk of culling, death, and the development of other diseases. In the beef industry, economic losses are associated with decreased performance, decreased market value, weight loss, labor costs related to removing cattle from their pens for treatment, treatment costs, mortality, premature slaughter, and delayed progression to market, among others. Overall, the cost of lameness varies depending on its incidence, severity, and duration.